sábado, 11 de agosto de 2007

PATAKIS DE BABALU AYE

PATAKIS DE BABALU AYE

Babalú Ayé era muy mujeriego. Andaba continuamente de parranda hasta que todo el mundo le perdió el respeto y la misma Ochún, que era su mujer, lo abandonó. Un Jueves Santo, Orula le advirtió: "Hoy domínate y no andes con mujeres". Sin hacer caso del consejo de Orúmbila, esa noche se acostó con una de sus amantes. Al otro día amaneció con el cuerpo todo cubierto de llagas purulentas. La gente huía de él porque le tenía miedo al contagio y sólo lo seguían algunos perros, a los que les gustaba lamerle las llagas. Por mucho que suplicó, Olofi se negó a perdonarlo y, al fin, Babalú Ayé murió. Pero a Ochún le dió lástima y gracias a sus ardides consiguió que Olofi le devolviera la vida. Ahora Babalú Ayé sabía lo mucho que sufren los enfermos y por eso regresó tan caritativo y misericordioso.

BABALÚ AYÉ

Orisha mayor y santo muy venerado Deidad de la viruela, la lepra, las enfermedades venéreas y, en general, de las afecciones de la piel. Se le considera hijo de Naná Burukú, pero en Abomey (Africa) sus padres son Kehsson y Nyohwe Ananou. Algunos estiman que nació directamente de Obatalá. En realidad Babalú Ayé es un título que significa "padre del mundo" y que se le daba a Chopono o Chakpata, el terrible orisha de la viruela cuyo nombre no podía pronunciarse. Esta deidad, odiosa y maligna transformó su carácter entre nosotros, probablemente, porque la viruela y otras epidemias carecían en Cuba de la naturaleza mortífe-ra y desvastadora que tenían en Africa. En Matanzas los descendientes de arará le tocan a Babalú Ayé el tambor asojin. A este santo le gusta trabajar con muertos.

Es orisha que no se asienta, sino que se recibe. En Matanzas se recibe directamente por los descendientes de arará y, ese día, se invita a los caballos de San Lázaro para que te hablen al iniciado. En La Habana se hace Yemayá con Orún a San Lázaro.

Su color es el morado obispo y su día es el viernes, aunque para otros es el miércoles (yakutá). Su número es el diecisiete, ya habla en el 4, el 11 y el 13 (Iroso, Ojuani y Metantá), respectivamente.

El nombre de Babalú Ayé es de origen lucumí. También se conoce por Agrániga-Omobitasa, quien, según al-gunos informantes es amante de Yemayá, y según otros, un viejo achacoso, el más anciano de los San Lázaros; Asajuano-Asyoricha, el más joven; Ayanó, a quien se reza para que aleje las epidemias; Chakuata-Agróniga, camino de Yonkó y muy antiguo; Awojonú, Shakpan, Asoyí (el obispo), Atimaya, Ayamú (arará), Metanta, Asojano, Abeolomi, Chopono, Ayanise, Nikem Babalú Borilá, Babalú Aguadatisa y Afimayé. Sus nombres en congo son Tata Pansua, Coballende, Chakuaneco, Patillaga, Santientena, Mabiliana, Pacolemba, Luleno, Asuano, Biricuto, Tata Cañengue, ¿Naná Burukú? (madre de San Lázaro) y Pulilá. En Kimbisa se le llama Pungun Futila y Tata Funde. También se le dice Babalú Berilá, Baba Sanalo Omibobo Ado Aguadatisa, Mobitasa, Ayanú, ¿Afimaye?, Isva Kesan Kañedo. En fon lo denominan Sakpata. En Haití, Legba Pied y Sabata.

Receptáculo:

Es una cazuela muy plana (muy similar a la freidera de Elegguá, pero más grande), tapada con otra a la inversa y sellada con cemento (según le regla arará), o sin sellar (según la yoruba). La parte superior tiene un orificio o es una jícara o un güiro al que se insertan plumas de guineo que se sacrificó el día del lavatorio o del fifeto. También puede ser una güira alargada y cortada longitudinalmente.

Atributos:

Ajá, es decir, un manojo de varetas de palma de corojo o de coco que en su extremo inferior están atadas con una tela de saco. Se le añaden cauris y cuentas para adornarlos. También telas de saco, ex votos y cualquier implemento propio de los impedidos. Igualmente perro, de cualquier *p de material, que sean blancos y con manchas amari-llas.

Herramientas:

Dos perritos de hierro. Siempre que se recibe a San Lázaro se le añade un Elegguá (con su respectivo Osun de perro). Si se entrega por camino arará asojin, este Elegguá llevará el nombre de Afrá. Dos muletas y una matraca.

Collares:

Cuentas negras, matipó de Oyá, matipó de San Lázaro (blanco con rayas azules), cuentas rojas. Se combinan según -el camino del santo y en algunos casos le añaden cauris.

Ropa:

Viste con tela de saco o de cuadritos abigarrados y se adorna con muchos cauris.

Comidas:

Menestras y granos. Pan quemado, mazorcas de maíz tos-tadas. Cocos verdes de agua. Ajo, cebolla, vino seco, corojo, pescado ahumado, jutía ahumada, cogote de res. Chivo con barba, gallo grifo y jabao, paloma y gallina de Guinea, codorniz (?).

MENSAJERO:

Mosquitos, moscas y todo tipo de insectos que sean vectores de enfermedades. También el viento.Bailes:Se sube y aparece casi siempre como enfermo, torcido y con las manos engarrotadas. Cojea y se siente tan débil que se cae. Su hablar es fañoso y tiene la nariz llena de mucosidades. Sus movimientos recuerdan los de un enfer-mo febril. En ocasiones hace como si espantara las moscas y demás insectos que se posan sobre sus llagas. También agita el ajá en el aire, como en un rito de limpieza, barrien-do todo lo malo. Generalmente, este baile afecta mucho a los posesos, quienes suelen querer lamer pústulas o afec-ciones cutáneas de los espectadores.

Aflicciones de las que protege:

Lepra, viruela, sífilis, cólera, problemas gástricos, úlceras, gangrenas, embolias, parálisis, erisipelas, amputaciones y todo tipo de afecciones cutáneas. ¿SIDA?

Monte (Ewe):

Cundiamor, zargazo, zazafrás, alacrancillo, apasote, ateje, piñón, botijo, caisimón, bejuco, ubí, tapacaminos, carabalí, yaya, tengue, aceitero, ajonjolí, albahaca morada, alejo macho, árbol del sebo, ardacrana, artemisa, bejuco de purgación, bejuco amarillo, bejuco lombriz, caguairán, caña brava, cañamazo amargo, cardosanto, cabolletas, cenizo, copaiba, chirimoya, escardón, frijol, carita, frijol gandul, gauguasi, henequén, incienso, jía brava, millo, marú, hortiguilla, pica pica, retama, romero, sabicú, salvia, salvia dorada, yerba Guinea, yerba de la vieja, zarzaparrilla y bejuco lucumí.

Catolización:

Babalú Ayé se sincretiza con San Lázaro, uno de los más populares en nuestro país. Lázaro era natural de una aldea cerca de Jerusalén y de familia acaudalada. Tenía una her-mana mayor, llamada Marta, y otra, destinada a ser famo-sa, llamada María. Esta María era propietaria del castillo de Magdalón y por eso era llamada María Magdalena. Je-sús era amigo de la casa y gustaba de visitarla. Los evange-lios nos cuentan que Lázaro enfermó y murió. Jesús, al enterarse, fue a su casa y, aunque llevaba cuatro días muerto, lo resucitó. Lázaro tuvo que abandonar el país y, después de muchas aventuras, llegó hasta Francia, donde se hizo obispo de Marsella, bajo el imperio de Domiciano. Luego fue hecho prisionero y ejecutado, aunque en esta ocasión quedó definitivamente muerto. A Lázaro suele represen-társele envuelto en vendas, como acostumbraba hacerse con los cadáveres de los judíos, y esto contribuyó a que su imagen se asociara a la del Babalú Ayé enfermo y harapien-to. Se le celebra el 17 de diciembre.

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